核电站放射性废水处理技术研究进展
首发时间:2023-05-12
摘要:放射性废水的处理与排放是核电站安全运行的重要环节。核电站正常运行及事故发生期间均会产生放射性废水。中低放射性核废水主要来源于主设备排空水、二回路废水、离子交换装置再生废水和实验废水等;高放射性核废水主要来源于乏燃料后处理和放射性物质分离制造两个生产过程以及严重核事故。中低放射性核废水处理方法主要有化学沉淀法、物理吸附法和离子交换法等;高放射性废水还涉及固化工艺。放射性废水处理技术主要的发展方向是新材料新工艺的开发,可以采用人工智能、仿生材料、量子化学等新技术交叉结合,打造能源与环境绿水青山的和谐发展。
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Research progress in radioactive wastewater treatment technology for nuclear power plants
Abstract:The treatment and discharge of radioactive wastewater is an important link in the safe operation of nuclear power plants. During normal operation and accidents of nuclear power plants, radioactive wastewater will be generated. Low to medium radioactive nuclear wastewater mainly comes from the main equipment emptying water, secondary circuit wastewater, ion exchange device regeneration wastewater, and experimental wastewater; High radioactive nuclear wastewater mainly comes from the two production processes of spent fuel reprocessing and radioactive material separation and manufacturing, as well as serious nuclear accidents. The main methods for treating medium and low radioactive nuclear wastewater include chemical precipitation, physical adsorption, and ion exchange; High radioactive wastewater also involves solidification processes. The main development direction of radioactive waste water treatment technology is the development of new materials and processes. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, bionic materials and quantum chemistry can be combined to create a harmonious development between energy and the environment, with lucid waters and lush mountains.
Keywords: nuclear power plants, nuclear safety, radioactive wastewater, treatment systems, cross technology
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